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在龐大的中國企業,開源文化如何導入企業,協助團隊立功?

說到華為,多數台灣人可能只會聯想到監控疑雲與中美貿易戰,鐵幕之後的企業文化則難以得知。但在這個神秘、封閉的公司之中,開放原始碼文化已經悄悄地在華為內部合作模式上開花結果。

華為之所以擁抱開源,要從庄表伟說起。曾經做過研發與管理的庄表伟,進入盛大創新院負責開發者關係,研究企業要如何與外部開發者維持聯繫。他笑說這個工作是「花了公司的錢,交了自己的朋友」,但也因此在社群中廣結善緣,繼而被華為挖角做企業的「內源」。

所謂的「內源」乃是華為公司內部,將開源的邏輯、文化、工具與演進,引入企業內使用,期望幫助企業內部更有活力,各部門之間更加開放、交流,走出去。並借鏡開源貢獻者的經驗,幫助企業內部實現程式碼的復用,增加企業整體效率。

最初,華為的高層希望庄表伟可以用激勵開源參與者貢獻的方法,鼓勵公司內部員工多多參與產品開發,所以他說自己的工作是「佈道師」,內容有三個主軸:利用《大教堂和市集》等書籍與資源,來介紹開源的邏輯;以Linus定律說明為何開源會比起企業習慣的嚴密管控更加安全;介紹開源社群的工具、文化與歷史,「洗腦」員工接受開源的做事方法。

從庄表伟2013年進入華為至今,華為的內源社群平台已經有15萬使用者。庄表伟說,一開始進入華為的心態是「我是對的、你是錯的」,但後來慢慢轉變,理解到彼此都要改變,所以最後的工作成果,可以說是庄表伟對軟體開發的想法、華為公司的傳統,與社群理念三者的結晶。

繁榮的開源社群,對企業能有什麼啟示?他認為,因為企業內部更加開放,更加願意互相交流,會使得企業更有活力,員工一方面願意走出去,一方面也學到新的東西。此外,在他進入華為並協助導入各種工具的過程中,證明了企業也能應用開源的開發方法。而開源社群所熟悉的程式碼復用,企業原先不習慣而做得不夠好,但隨著庄表伟等人的努力,今年初華為向員工發信,宣布推動「基於committer的社區化code review」機制,程式碼復用的問題也現出了一道曙光。庄表伟說,一名程式碼審查者對於審查可能有2分的評分比重,但一般員工也會有1分,這種機制也鼓勵員工之間互相協助,促進開發流程。

當然,開源與企業的關係並非只有前者協助後者。企業的開發文化,同樣也流回了開源社群。庄表伟舉了幾個例子,像是程式碼的分支保護、持續性整合與發布(CI/CD)、Trello式的專案管理服務,都是企業率先使用,而後備受開源社群喜愛的作法。

庄表伟認為團隊由人組成,人需要管理,而管理需要工具。他說,社群天馬行空、想法不少,但開發出來的成品可能較為簡陋;企業偏商業導向,成品要能賣錢,可能會越來越複雜而繁瑣,因此兩邊需要互相借鑑。庄表伟鼓勵社群與企業的創新交流如果愈多,兩邊研發工具也會愈相像、愈好用。


本文作者:林冠廷
責任編輯:呂昕恩
本文原作者 林冠廷 以 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權分享予公眾使用

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